Indias Reservation Policy in Higher Education Institutions - Free Essay Example

India’s Reservation Policy in Higher  Education Institutions The term â€Å"Reservation† has been doing the rounds within the Indian media circuit of late owing to the government decision to implement 27% quota for the OBCs in the educational institutions of higher learning. Time has come to study the significance of this matter and see its consequences on the country in the future. When our country achieved independence, a large section of the society was leading a miserable life. They had been exploited for ages and the false beliefs in the society at that time further worsened their condition. The government of that day introduced the concept of reservations so that there would be equal progress of all sections of the society. Over the years, the condition of the people of reserved categories has improved at a fast rate while that of the middle class, general or open category people has remained more or less the same. After nearly 60 years of independence now, g eneral category people have started to feel that they are being subjugated and that the odds have been stacked against them. At a time like this, the government’s decision to bring out legislation to implement a 27% quota for OBCs adds further fuel to the fire. There are a large number of failings in the reasons publicized by the government for implementing this decision. Firstly, the government has rooted its decision in a survey conducted by the Britishers prior to Independence, on the percentage of the OBCs in the population. The reserved category candidates occupy nearly 52% of the government jobs today. Then what is the immediate need to increase the quotas? Though the government would not agree to it, most people feel that this is just another way of wooing the voters. The above stated move by the government brought out the students, resident doctors and even the faculty members of AIIMS and many other hospitals to protest against the government. None of us would hesitate to say that these doctors were inhuman and heartless to have neglected even the emergency services. But isn’t it our government that is to be held responsible for a situation like this. Year after year, the governments of India have been enforcing their will on the people, making us ponder if ours is a democracy at all. In a free and fair country, the candidate who is the most worthy should get the opportunity irrespective of his caste, creed and religion. When caste becomes the criteria for selection, how can one expect to get what is honestly due to him. The government argues that it can balance the equation by increasing the number of seats in the educational institutions. But then it is the quality of education that suffers. Before we come to the higher secondary stage none of us even talks of these quotas. Then the process of applying for the entrance exams for the professional courses starts and the seeds of caste get drilled into our minds. Each time bef ore elections, new reservations start to emerge. Governments are practicing the policy of â€Å"divide and rule† with our own people. We hear this even during admissions to under-graduate courses. But is it correct to carry it into the post-graduation phase also? Nowadays the value of professional education has plummeted with a large number of private institutions entering into the stream. The number of engineers coming out every year is beyond the imagination. It is like pampering kids through school and junior college right into the professional education stream, without requiring any effort from them at all. But do we need to do it even at the post graduation level? When will a person learn to go all-out for something in life? How far can they go when they have been driven into the industry and have not learnt the art of survival to start with? The decision has indeed drawn flak from many quarters. Getting reservations would be a good thing, but the advantage always lie s with the â€Å"more privileged† section of these backward castes. For instance, most students from backward castes do not reveal the truth about their parents’ income and get the scholarships for education that they wouldn’t get normally. We must also consider what the future of the candidates who acquire education through reservation will be. At present, since the percentage of quotas is small, the employers don’t bother. If the government implements this decision, nearly 50% of the seats will be under reservation. The employers in future might start dividing candidates into reserved and unreserved categories. There are many merited students even from the OBCs and other reserved categories. Wouldn’t it hurt their sentiments if the employers start to look down at them as they have obtained their degrees through reservation? It is right that some sections have been oppressed for decades, hindering their progress. But the government cannot re verse the process and repair the wrong done in decades with a single move. This decision has occurred mainly as a result of the hype over the high salaries that IIT and IIM graduates have been getting recently. These institutions are seen as places where people can get rich. The government wants to give opportunities to the backward castes to earn similar salaries. But this should not happen at the cost of the quality of education. There is no doubt that when the quality of education suffers, there won’t be such high salaries anyway. There is one more thing we should look at. The involvement of the courts in various strike-related issues has just lead to the end of these strikes, but it hasn’t been able to provide justice to the protesters. The courts, which we look to for a fair solution to any issue, have only been leaning toward the government. Even in the case of the protest of resident doctors in Andhra Pradesh against increase in the quota for service candi dates in the PG course seats, the protesters got nothing but an assurance from the government that the matter will be looked into. The courts in many other cases have been successful only in obtaining assurances and not in delivering justice to the people. This really questions the law which states that no strikes or protests must be staged on an issue when the matter is in judicial review. This law is in favor of the government and must be looked into immediately. There is a strong feeling these days that in the future there won’t be a single general category student going for higher education in India. It looks like the government wants to make it a reality too. It is alright as long as there is no limit on the number of general category students going abroad and banks keep providing huge loans, but there are many who cannot afford to take these loans at high interest rates. The solution to the overall problem cannot be obtained in a short period of time. Firstly, the go vernment should have the latest statistics of different categories of people within the society at the present time. Since India has a large population, more institutions which can impart high quality education to the students should be opened in various parts of India and the institutions that we have at present should be upgraded to meet the rising demands. The government should also do something for the economically backward people of the higher castes who have been left to strive for themselves. Let’s be positive and hope the government will consider all these factors and find a solution that is fair and just for all and not try to impose its will on the people.

Vietnam War Escalation and Americanization

The Vietnam war escalation began with the Gulf of Tonkin incident. On August 2, 1964, USS Maddox, an American destroyer, was attacked in the Gulf of Tonkin by three North Vietnamese torpedo boats while conducting an intelligence mission. A second attack seemed have occurred two days later, though the reports were sketchy (It now appears that there was no second attack). This second â€Å"attack† led to US air strikes against North Vietnam and the passage of the Southeast Asia (Gulf of Tonkin) Resolution by Congress. This resolution permitted the president to conduct military operations in the region without a formal declaration of war and became the legal justification for escalating the conflict. Bombing Begins In retribution for the incident in the Gulf of Tonkin, President Lyndon Johnson issued orders for the systematic bombing of North Vietnam, targeting its air defenses, industrial sites, and transportation infrastructure. Beginning on March 2, 1965, and known as Operation Rolling Thunder, the bombing campaign would last over three years and would drop an average of 800 tons of bombs a day on the north. To protect US air bases in South Vietnam, 3,500 Marines were deployed that same month, becoming the first ground forces committed to the conflict. Early Combat By April 1965, Johnson had sent the first 60,000 American troops to Vietnam. The number would escalate to 536,100 by the end of 1968. In the summer of 1965, under the command of General William Westmoreland, US forces executed their first major offensive operations against the Viet Cong and scored victories around Chu Lai (Operation Starlite) and in the Ia Drang Valley. This latter campaign was largely fought by the 1st Air Cavalry Division which pioneered the use of helicopters for high speed mobility on the battlefield. Learning from these defeats, the Viet Cong seldom again engaged American forces in conventional, pitched battles preferring instead to resort to hit and run attacks and ambushes. Over the next three years, American forces focused on searching and destroying Viet Cong and North Vietnamese units operating in the south. Frequently mounting large-scale sweeps such as Operations Attleboro, Cedar Falls, and Junction City, American and ARVN forces captured large amounts of weapons and supplies but rarely engaged large formations of the enemy. Political Situation in South Vietnam In Saigon, the political situation began to calm in 1967, with the rise of Nguyen Van Theiu to the head of the South Vietnamese government. Theiu’s ascent to the presidency stabilized the government and ended a long series of military juntas that had administered the country since Diem’s removal. Despite this, the Americanization of the war clearly showed that the South Vietnamese were incapable of defending the country on their own.

Social Learning Theory Developed It s Reputation

Social learning theory asserts that learning is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement. Famously adopted by Albert Bandura and his colleagues at Stanford University in the 1960’s, the development of social learning theory was revolved around a four step model. These four models included attention (the individual subject must attend to the media as well as witness aggressive behavior), retention (the subject must have the ability to retain the behavior seen in order to replicate for later retrieval), motor reproduction (the subject must be able to perform said behavior), and motivation (there†¦show more content†¦The second reason I chose Charles was because he has a bit of a temper and I thought that would come in handy while observing how a violent video could affect someone who might not have the a lot of patience. Charl es decided to choose the game Fallout 4 to be played by himself in his isolated basement. Fallout 4 is a violent, action filled adventure that is set in a post apocalyptic Boston in the year 2287. Charles described how he had played the other three Fallout’s before, but never like this was it so difficult. Almost immediately, signs of stress and anger hit Charles. His connection was not letting him access the online version of the game. By merely trying to get the game to work, Charles displayed a behavioral change. Finally, after a good seven minutes of feeding various wires through the TV, Charles began to play. Within the first twenty minutes he seemed somewhat relaxed, but this soon changed as he progressed through the game. From sitting casually in his seat, to standing up and moving closer and closer to the TV, Charles was completely infiltrated by the obstacles in a particular level of Fallout 4. It came to the point where he would question himself constantly. For exam ple, Charles stated, â€Å"Why do I constantly die in the same spot?† Loudly enough, it was easy to distinguish his behavioral changes. Typically he likes to joke around, but it seemed like focus was one hundred percent on the video

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The Sun Rising by John Donne and Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress are both poems concerned with love Essay Example

The Sun Rising by John Donne and Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress are both poems concerned with love Essay The Sun Rising by John Donne and To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell are both love poems written in the 17th Century, although they have both been written in contrasting formats. In this essay I will be discussing how John Donne and Andrew Marvell have approached the topic of the love and decide which poem I find most effective. John Donne and Andrew Marvells women both seem to be very important to them and for similar reasons. John Donne treats his woman as a trophy for his male ego; Shes all states, and all Princes I; Nothing else is. This shows that although it is obvious that she is very important to him, she seems as more of an accessory this is because physical love is more important than spiritual love to John Donne because as they have already consummated their love he would rather stay in bed with her than do anything else. Busy old fool, unruly Sun, Why dost thou thus, Through windows and through curtains call on us? Must to thy motions lovers seasons run? Andrew Marvell also views physical love as being more important than spiritual love because he wouldnt love his mistress if she was ugly, And your quaint honour turn to dust, and into ashes all my lust. We will write a custom essay sample on The Sun Rising by John Donne and Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress are both poems concerned with love specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Sun Rising by John Donne and Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress are both poems concerned with love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Sun Rising by John Donne and Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress are both poems concerned with love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, Andrew Marvell is aware that his mistress deserves to be adored, so after having said that he would devote thirty thousand years to worshipping every part of her, he then goes on to say: And the last age should show your heart; For, Lady, you deserve this state, Nor would I love at lower rate. Another sign that Andrew Marvell may actually love his mistress is that although he doesnt say her name, he refers to her as mistress in the title; when the poem was written, mistress was a term used for an object of desire this could prove that despite the initial reaction to Andrew Marvells poem, he could really prefer spiritual love, although he could just be trying to flatter his mistress. Time is an important issue in both poems, yet both poets have different views of the importance of time. In The Sun Rising by John Donne, he makes it clear that he believes that when you are in love, time should not be an issue. Love, all alike, no seasons knows, nor clime, nor hours, days, months, which are the rags of time. John Donne also seems to not be looking into the future, because whereas Andrew Marvell tends to focus on death, John Donne is focused on that particular moment, and that moment happens to be when he would like more time in bed with his lover, this could also make John Donne look arrogant. Andrew Marvell however, treats time as more of a threat and an annoyance to him and his mistress. Had we but world enough, and time, this coyness lady, were no crime. Andrew Marvells fear of time can be seen as a compliment to his mistress because he is scared of time because when time runs out and they die, they will be parted permanently. The style and tone of To his Coy Mistress is very negative, its shows how pessimistic Andrew Marvell can be. Andrew Marvell is also very blunt and straight to the point, And now, like amorous birds of prey, rather at once our time devour than languish in his slow-chapt power. This also shows how passionate Andrew Marvell was when he wrote the poem, which can be a compliment to his mistress. However, although he has written the poem in a way that does compliment his mistress, it isnt very personal, so it could be that he is going to use this poem for any mistress that he may have at any time. John Donne took a completely different approach to Andrew Marvells sensitive yet blunt approach; John Donne is aggressive and argumentative, Busy old fool, unruly sun. He is also threatening, I could eclipse and cloud them with a wink. John Donne is also witty and shows how clever he is by having an argument with the sun (this is the conceit in the poem), and since thy duties be to warm the world , thats done in warming us. This also shows John Donnes sarcasm. One of the main themes in To His Coy Mistress is carpe diem (seize the day). This shows his awareness that death is inevitable, so he believes that he and his mistress should cherish the time that they do have together. But at my back I always hear, Times winged chariot hurrying near; And yonder all before us lie, Deserts of vast eternity. This also shows that Andrew Marvell doesnt believe in life after death, so he must therefore value his time even more. The graves a fine and private place, But none, I think, do there embrace. Whereas John Donne takes an opposing view of the issue of life and death, and, unlike Andrew Marvells pessimistic approach, he is takes an optimistic attitude. I think that he has taken this approach because he seems to think that rather than worry that there isnt an afterlife, he should just live each day as it comes, and in this case all he wants to do is spend some more time with his lover because he believes that when two people are in love, time should n ot be an issues. Love, all alike, no seasons knows, nor clime, Nor hours, days, months, which are the rags of time. John Donnes intention is to demonstrate how clever and witty he is. He also wants to show his lover that the point of living is to be in love, Shine here to us, and thou art everywhere. He also wants to show that he believes that social ranking is subordinate to love, he does this by showing how he thinks that he is far more important than the King, Go tell the court-huntsmen that the king will ride. Whereas Andrew Marvell has more sincere reasons to write this poem, he wants his mistress to realise how short time is, for her benefit and for his. He also doesnt want her to die as a virgin and to open up to him as they have little time left and he believes that it will be impossible for them to be together when they die, Had we but world enough and time, this coyness, lady, were no crime. My final reason as to why Andrew Marvell wrote the poem is because he wants to show off his skill as a poet so that he can impress his mistress. So in conclusion, I think that Andrew Marvells To His Coy Mistress is most effective as, although I question his intentions, he compliments his mistress in many ways, for example: he says that he is willing to spend thirty thousand years worshipping every part of her body, his desperation to value their time as time is running out is also flattering to his mistress because it shows that he is willing to spend the time he has left with her, rather than anyone else. I also think that To His Coy Mistress is more effective than The Sun Rising because in The Sun Rising John Donne looks quite arrogant and doesnt seem to care about his woman very much he seems more interested in himself and how he wants more time in bed. He also looks arrogant because he seems to think that he is more important than the king; Go tell the court-huntsmen that the king will ride. Another reason that Andrew Marvells poem is more effective than John Donnes is because John Donne makes it quite clear that all he is interested in is physical love, whereas Andrew Marvell seems to have an equal balance because although he makes it clear that he wants a physical relationship with his mistress, he also is aware that she needs to be and deserves to be adored, he shows this by after having said that he would spend thirty thousand years worshipping her, he goes on to say; And the last age should show your heart; For, Lady, you deserve this state, Nor would I love at lower rate. Andrew Marvell also has sincere reasons to write his poem, he wants his mistress to realise how short time is, for her benefit and for his. He also doesnt want her to die as a virgin and to open up to him as they have little time left and he believes that it will be impossible for them to be together when they die, Had we but world enough and time, this coyness, lady, were no crime.

Evaluating Professional Development Training in School

Evaluating Professional Development Training in School According to P, Black and D, William, evaluation refers to a sequence of interrelated actions that have a definite purpose.1 Since education instructors are involved in several multifaceted issues, they should be assessed as professionals.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Evaluating Professional Development Training in School specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The standards of evaluating them should be developed by all the stakeholders of the school institution and their evaluation should be based on the extent to which they resolve professional issues proficiently. Since teachers are the main subjects of training, professional development has a direct impact on them. H, McMillan argues that, the main objective of professional development for teachers and other school staff involves its crucial task in the improvement of the learning process 2. For this reason, the school administrators ought to put great emphasis on t he results of professional growth on profession performance, organizational efficiency and the achievement of learners. All the professional development endeavors should always be subjected to an appropriately designed evaluation plan in analyzing their efficiency. The intricacy of changes in education necessitates that the plan is based on the use of ethnographic research. This should be done over a long period of time so as to evaluate and assess the connection between individual changes and the systematic transformation in education. Effective professional development enables the acquisition of new knowledge and expertise. P, Black and D, William asserts that, in one way or another, theres a support structure that follows teachers and other staff within the school institution school in their place of work which provides continued training or some kind of system enabling teachers/staff to continue solving problems in their working environment. 3 As a matter of fact, ineffective ev aluation systems within the school institution are exceedingly hectic, of little significance, and an obstacle to the staff drive. According to P, Black and D, William, such unproductive assessment systems are more expensive as compared to efficient ones.4Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is because; they do not improve the performance of teachers as well as other school staff and thus rob off the learners’ achievements. For this reason, evaluation for professional development should be done in the most effective manner, failure to which it can become meaningless or intensify apprehension between teachers or school staff with their administrators and increase negative competition amongst them. In other words, ineffective evaluation methods can lead to communication breakdown within the stakeholders of a school institution as it may lead to unnecessary barriers, a nd destroy an otherwise excellent working rapport amongst the school professionals. Consequently, the need for efficient evaluation policies within a school should not be underestimated. It is the responsibility of all stakeholders in the education process to be accountable. Thus Professional development programs should be evaluated in order to determine their value in schools, to the instructors as well as the learners. For the efficiency of all professional development attempts, evaluation should be an ongoing process that is introduced in the early stages of program planning and should persist even after the completion of every development program. The stakeholders in the education sector are involved in selecting the evaluators who are given the task of evaluating all the programs. The purpose of evaluation enables the evaluators to come up with the research questions used during the evaluation process. The research questions should be formulated with the help of several stakeho lders in the development program. After determining the purpose of the evaluation, the evaluators should then plan the evaluation procedure with regards to the intended results of the school upgrading efforts. The reason for an evaluation and the usage of the evaluation outcomes are dictated by what is being evaluated. H, McMillan asserts that, in order to ensure an effective professional development program, the evaluators should ask those questions that are directed on bringing out the significance of the program in attaining development. 5 The evaluation of a professional development program has got two main objectives.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Evaluating Professional Development Training in School specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The first one is to enhance the program’s quality or transform a professional development program which is known as formative evaluation, and the second one involves comi ng up with the program’s general efficiency also known as summative evaluation. In a professional development program, formative evaluation is usually done in intervals. Here, the stakeholders are asked to give their remarks, which permit the evaluators to effectively amend the program’s quality. This form of evaluation ascertains that all the professional development programs meet the expectations and requirements of all the stakeholders. This involves a meaningful endeavor which may entail some classroom activities. On the other hand, summative evaluation is employed at the end of the whole program. Bruner, S affirms that, more often than not, the research is done at three main points; educator practices, organizational transformations and learners results 6. At the initial level of summative evaluation, the educators’ changes that result from participating in the professional development program are assessed. Here, the members are asked to point out the neces sary changes according to what they think, what they believe, and their school/classroom activities. They are supposed to describe their individual professional development and assess if the program meets their individual as well as professional objectives. S, Bruner suggests that this can be done through the use of observations, interviews, questionnaires and other self-evaluation instruments.7 The second stage of summative evaluation is where the school organization changes are assessed. According to research, organizational environment directly impacts on both initial and continued use of improvement strategies. In other words, professional development actions will influence student results in case the organizational environment presents continued support for the efforts. Positive organizational adjustments lead to successful professional development. Constructive transformation within a school institution can be achieved through the use of observations, interviews, analysis of d ocuments as well as questionnaires. To determine this form of change, evaluators should look for improved teamwork and an enhanced relationship between administrators and the instructors and the overall changes within the school environment.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The third phase of summative evaluation involves establishing the influence of the professional development practices on learning. This is mostly because the majority of school-upgrading attempts are projected to influence the learners’ success. Thus, evaluation is obliged to determine the efficiency of professional development with regards to students’ achievement. C, Calfee and V, Masuda affirm that, by getting comments on the instruction outcomes, teachers as well as other staff within the school institution are able to have sufficient proof on the validity of their actions on learning. 8 Teachers should employ the new practices in case they notice some positive outcomes in the learners. This notwithstanding, measurement of the effectiveness of a program should not be limited to the learners points in standardized tests. The evaluators should also consider how much the students are responsible for their individual learning and if they employ thorough research in the ir studies. Professional development assessment should also include nonacademic goals such as curbing student brutality. According to H, McMillan in this case, the pointer of efficiency should embrace valid forms of evaluation procedures such as determining the rate of dropping out of school and changes in the degree of damage to the school. 9 In general, evaluation of a professional development program is usually restricted to the stakeholders’ initial response to the content and significance as well as the efficiency of the facilitator. The most important factor of an evaluation process is the long-term influence brought by the professional development program. A follow-up evaluation should also be carried out after the instructors have implemented the necessary changes. This facilitates to assess changes within the instructional practice, in the professional environment and students’ success. C, Calfee and V, Masuda argues that, in order to reinforce the adjustments made by the stakeholders of the evaluation process, follow-up sessions and support actions should be programmed as part of the assessment course.10 In conclusion, even though professional development programs are meant to influence the students’ achievement, they characteristically have an impact on all the other participants who include; administrators, school heads counselors, as well as other staff. For it to be thorough, an evaluation program should draw its findings from all the above sources as well as from the evaluators. A comprehensive approach, which uses diverse information from multiple sources, should be embraced. Both quantitative and qualitative facts should be included in this course to provide suitable information. Precisely, this information should comprise facts based on the results from participants, organization, and learners. Moreover, the assessment outcomes should be presented in a way that is easily understood by all the participants involved in the professional development course. Comprehensible communication of the program’s outcomes should ensure that the findings are used to direct school improvement efforts and consequent professional development actions which include teacher training. Footnotes P, Black, D, Wiliam, Raising standards through classroom assessment, Phi Delta Kappan, 1998. H, McMillan, Essential assessment concepts for teachers and administrators, Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Publishing Company, 2001. P, Black, D, William, pp140. P, Black, D, William, pp 146. H, McMillan, pp 26. S, Bruner, The process of education, NY: Vintage Books, 1960. S, Bruner, pp 77. C, Calfee, V, Masuda, Classroom assessment as inquiry, In G. D. Phye (Ed.) Handbook of classroom assessment, NY: Academic Press 1997. H, McMillan pp 46. C, Calfee, V, Masuda pp 36. Reference List Black, P, William, D, Raising standards through classroom assessment, Phi Delta Kappan, 1998, 139-148. Bruner, S, The process of education, NY: Vintag e Books, 1960. Calfee, C, Masuda, V, Classroom assessment as inquiry, In G. D. Phye (Ed.) Handbook of classroom assessment, NY: Academic Press 1997. McMillan, H, Essential assessment concepts for teachers and administrators, Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Publishing Company, 2001.

Rhetorical Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rhetorical Analysis Paper - Essay Example Notwithstanding, it is also accessible and comprehensible by the larger non-scientific community of individuals and researchers who wish to keep themselves up to date about matters of the brain’s evolution. The writer attempts to explain the diminishing capacity for the brain’s expansion by drawing from previous research by scientists as well as comparing the structure of the human brain with that of other animals. That way, he provides sufficient background for any reader to follow in his analysis of the human brain as he discusses its internal workings and the various scenarios that could play out in its evolution. Logic has been used extensively in this paper as it is has been written with heavy reference to empirical evidences, both from the writer's perspective and ex post facto research by others. The writer has also inculcated pathos and ethos in an attempt to get the audiences emotionally involved as well as legitimizes his work by comparing and citing research by reputable scientists. Briefly, the paper makes a claim that physically, the human brain may have or may be about to expend its capacity for evolutionary expansion, Fox argues that while the conventional assumption would be that the brain would keep growing larger, this may not be applicable to humans. He considerer’s rat and elephant brains to show through juxtaposition of the colossal disparities, that the rat is essentially brighter than the jumbo. He posits that the most intelligent animals are those that squeeze out as much as possible from their brains and through this, humans are unequivocally dominant. Physical growth of the human brain, he argues, is unlikely to improve its performance because, while the bigger brain may be more powerful, the extra power is likely to be dedicated to in-house running of the brain and not increasing intelligence. This is justified by the fact that the elephant’s or cows brains are bigger than ours are, but they are limited in their intelligence because most of the brain mass is dedicated to operating the brain itself (Fox 40). The writer dominantly applies a logical systematic strategy in which he presents his claim, and considers, while at the same time rationally disapproving, possible initial nonprofessional assumptions and responses to the claim. He then delves into technical examinations and includes graphical depictions backed by scientific data, ultimately he examines the different scenarios that would result in evolution, he suggests the thickening of neurons, but contends that it would to be compensated by making the brain slower by increasing axon length. He explores several other alternatives and in each case proves they are likely to impractical, he summarizes his argument by stating that the brain cannot expand, but the fact that expansion is likely to be counterproductive. After exploring the available options, he leads the reader to a conclusion by suggesting the brain may not really need to grow anymore since through technology humans are able to utilize artificial intelligence such as writing and computing. Therefore, the issue of growth may already have been solved indirectly, since while the human brain may not expand very much, technology, which we use to boost our processing capacity, is expanding exponentially every day. The application of Ethos in this article transcends the writer’